Coming of Age Novels Essay Example

Transitioning Novels Essay Transitioning books, Cold Sassy Tree and To Kill a Mockingbird acquaint perusers with multi year old Will Tweedy of Cold Sassy, Georgia and multi year old Jean Louise â€Å"Scout† Finch of Maycomb County, Alabama. The two characters were raised in little, affectionate southern towns, with bogus perspectives on the world, and numbness to information and experience. As the tales progess be that as it may, the two addition another sort of information and acknowledgment of the world. Encounters managing love, demise, bigotry and separation helped the character’s youngster like thoughts of the world bloom into an increasingly grown-up like point of view. Will and Scout had changed in manners both . My paper will additionally talk about the attributes that Scout Finch and Will Tweedy offer. Will Tweedy is a teenager matured free soul, living in Cold Sassy toward the start of the twentieth century. On July 5, 1906, embarrassment breaks in the town when Will’s granddad, Rucker Blakeslee, weds Miss Love Simpson; who is a large portion of his age. Rucker wedded Miss Love scarcely 3 weeks after his better half Mattie Lou, had kicked the bucket. Scout Finch was just 5 years of age when her dad, Atticus Finch, assumed the job of legal advisor for a negro man named Tom Robinson, during the Great Depression. We will compose a custom paper test on Coming of Age Novels explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Coming of Age Novels explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Coming of Age Novels explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Atticus was spoken adversely about all through the white network of Maycomb. He was thought of as a double crosser, and â€Å"nigger lover† (p. 108) Both Will’s and Scout’s families were focuses of consideration in their towns. Atticus and grandpa Rucker gave them comparable adive. Atticus advised Scout to pay the verbally abusing no psyche, and to quit battling her schoolmates when they considered him an awful name, or said an awful thing regarding him. Rucker advises Will to dispose of the social requirements of Cold Sassy. With the assistance of these two men, Scout and Will had the option to figure out how to deal with the tattle that spread around town, about their families. Another issue the kids were presented to was separation. The blacks in Cold Sassy and Maycomb County, were treated as a substandard race. The blacks of Cold Sassy that worked white family units utilized various dishes for their dinners, as Will and Miss Love discussed one morning in the kitchen. â€Å"I mean shaded cooks know white individuals don’t need them utilizing their dishes and things. That’s why they all beverage out of containers and eat off of old plates or pie skillet. † (P. 205) Scout was first acquainted with segregation with Tom Robinsons preliminary. On the trial’s finishing, Scout discovered that blacks are dealt with contrastingly then whites in light of the fact that they’re an alternate sort of â€Å"folk†. She likewise discovered that Atticus had no issue safeguarding Tom; and even demonstrated his blamelessness. Be that as it may, since Tom is dark, he was seen as blameworthy according to the white jury. Will Tweedy additionally has an exercise on affection when his relationship with Lightfoot McClendon doesn’t work out. The first occasion when he kissed her, while they were in the cemetary driving his dad’s vehicle, he understood the kiss was a slip-up. Lightfoot was a factory young lady, and plant town individuals were looked downward on by different individuals from Cold Sassy. After she fled, Will began to stress over her. It was then that he understood, he had affections for her in a profound sort of way. The last time he had seen Lightfoot, had been the point at which she stopped by the store to advise about her commitment to Hosie Roach. Not exclusively was the young lady he cherished getting hitched, she was likewise getting hitched to Hosie Roach, his foe. He was disheartened about the engagment, yet at the same time wished her the best. This exercise on adoration Will learned was that, affection doesn’t consistently work out the manner in which you may need it to. Scout learns the genuine significance of becoming more acquainted with somebody by â€Å"getting in their skin and strolling around in it. † (P. 30) Scout utilized thusly of intuition for Boo Radley. Numerous individuals in Maycomb thought Boo was an insane, fiendish man in view of a preliminary he experienced as a young person. Scout discovered anyway that, that wasn’t the case by any means. Boo had done numerous things for Scout and her sibling Jem, for example, leaving them endowments in the emptied tree, sewing up Jem’s pants when he tore them vacillating, putting a cover over Scout’s shoulders while she watched the fire, and sparing both her and Jem from Mr. Ewells. With these pleasant deeds accomplished for them, Scout presumed that the area had an inappropriate thought regarding Boo, and in the wake of strolling him home the night he spared them, Scout paused for a moment to stand apart on the patio, and attempt to see Maycomb as far as Boo could tell from his window. Will and Scout both experienced demise, yet in two unique ways. Will’s encounters with death occurred with first his grandma, and afterward with his granddad. Miss Love Simpson had an infant in transit, that Rucker didn't think about. Since Will had invested such a great amount of energy with his granddad, it was currently his business to assist take with minding of the child, and ensure his grandfather’s heritage isn't lost. Scout had encountered passing in the types of her mom and Tom. Scout’s mother had kicked the bucket when she was an infant, so she didn’t recollect her much, yet her mother’s passing influenced the manner in which Scout was raised. With her mother dead, Scout was raised in a family unit ran by a bereaved dad, and a shaded cook. Both Scout Finch and Will Tweedy educated significant exercises at early ages. These exercises are what formed their now, grown-up like viewpoints on life, world, individuals and themselves. Those are a few likenesses and contrasts between the two characters.

The main themes of the story Christmas Carol Essay Example

The fundamental topics of the story Christmas Carol Essay Besides, Dickens utilizes compelling language to give us a clear image of what the character of Scrooge resembles. Right off the bat, he utilizes present participles to show the peruser how significant cash is to him. Penny pincher is depicted as a crushing, getting a handle on, scratching, gripping, rapacious old heathen. The action words all stress that cash means the world to Scrooge by partner with hands and accordingly demonstrating his distress ; he is a cash grabber. The cadenced utilization of these action words which are rehashed could likewise infer that the rundown doesn't stop and that Scrooge is considerably crueler than portrayed. This as of now makes the peruser ponder the character from the earliest starting point of the story, since it gives him that he doesn't esteem significant things throughout everyday life, similar to loved ones, yet that cash comes first for him. Furthermore,Dickens utilizes cold words while depicting his character to underline that he is anything but a caring individual ; a chilly rime was his responsibility and his eyebrows and he conveyed his own temperature about with him. It reveals to us that he is an unfeeling individual, and that there is not all that much or well disposed about him. It likewise permits us to picture his highlights they are cold and sharp, causing him to seem aloof. He couldn't care less about what state others are in; he just thinks about himself and cash. Dickens likewise utilizes disgraceful false notion to depict Scrooges character. In the main fight he again utilizes climate to give the peruser understanding into his character; The heaviest downpour, and day off, hail, and slush, could flaunt the preferred position over him in just one regard. We will compose a custom article test on The primary subjects of the story Christmas Carol explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on The principle topics of the story Christmas Carol explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on The principle topics of the story Christmas Carol explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The brutality of the climate reflects Scrooges character; its just as any place Scrooge goes, the environment gets cold and cruel. Scrooges character can be clarified through his past as when he was youthful he had an extreme life since he grew up with no adoration from his dad. These portrayals of Scrooge mirror his unforgiving, unwelcoming and coldhearted character. In conclusion, Dickens utilized analogies to show to the peruser how unsociable and coldblooded Scrooge is. They support translation as they let the peruser envision Scrooge in his own specific manner. The main comparison he utilizes is: as singular as a shellfish, which shows how unsociable he is. A shellfish lives in a shell in its own little world; Scrooge is the equivalent he gets a kick out of the chance to be disengaged away from the remainder of the world and he stays away from contact with others as much as could reasonably be expected. It could likewise infer that he is a decent individual inside, yet has a hard shell around himself and wants to draw near to anybody. His delight in detachment can be clarified through his past as he was deserted by his dad when he was youthful, so he became accustomed to being all alone. This acquires the topic of progress, as the peruser sees that Scrooge resembles this since that is the manner by which he grew up and he didnt know any extraordinary, not really in light of the fact that that is the way he needs to be. It shows the peruser that if Scrooge figured out how much better it is to associate with others he would need to change and invest more energy with his nephew. In addition, the analogy hard and sharp as rock tells the peruser how inhumane and coldhearted Scrooge is. Stone is a bit of rock that is extremely sharp and hard and nothing can get to it. .The trademark hardness of stone connects to Scrooges character, indicating how Scrooge is similarly as perpetual: nothing will cause him to feel thoughtful towards destitute individuals, and nothing will make him a more pleasant, all the more mindful individual. It underlines that he is insensitive and just thinks about how he is getting along and how much cash he has, yet he couldn't care less the scarcest about others. You can enlighten a ton concerning a character by watching the manner in which they carry on and by different people groups mentalities towards them. Right off the bat, we become more acquainted with that Scrooge doesn't care to mingle and be charming to individuals. We become more acquainted with this as we see that he is hopeless towards his lone relative-his nephew. At the point when he welcomes him to Christmas supper, Scrooge rehashes Good evening to show that he isn't keen on mingling and he doesn't wish to talk about it. He is charmed by cash, so on Christmas he needs to be in his office working. He likewise imagines that adoration is silly, and he condemns his nephew for wedding for affection: Because you began to look all starry eyed at snarled Scrooge, as though that were the main thing on the planet more strange than a happy Christmas. Tightwad thinks love is strange in light of the fact that when he was more youthful, his fianci e Belle left him since he got fixated on cash and began to adore it more than her. He currently doesn't possess any energy for affection since it hinders bringing in cash.

Drinking Low Alcohol Beer or Alcohol Free Beverages

Drinking Low Alcohol Beer or Alcohol Free Beverages Addiction Alcohol Use Print Should You Drink Low Alcohol Beer or Alcohol Free Beverages? Is Fake Liquor a Problem? By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Updated on July 04, 2018 Hero Images / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Low alcohol beer and wine have been widely available for several years, and research shows that even regular beer drinkers cant tell the difference between low alcohol beer and the real thing. Many people who are reducing the amount of alcohol they are drinking wonder whether low alcohol or alcohol-free beverages are a good substitute for full-strength alcoholic drinks. There are several issues to consider when making this choice. Have You Ever Had an Alcohol Problem? This question deserves careful consideration by people who have had a problem with alcohol in the past, or who are currently experiencing problems with alcohol, such as: A diagnosis of alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence or alcohol use disorderBinge drinking, or difficulty stopping once you have started drinkingProblems with self control when intoxicatedBecoming aggressive, anxious or depressed after drinkingPhysical problems as a result of alcohol use, such as liver disease If you have a problem with alcohol, you may be better off avoiding alcoholic drinks of any kind. It is also worth considering avoiding alcohol if one of your parents or siblings has had serious problems with alcohol. If you are not considering cutting down on your number of drinks, low alcohol or alcohol-free beverages are a way of reducing your overall alcohol consumption and risk of alcohol-related problems. If you fit this category, discuss the idea of replacing some or all or your alcoholic drinks with low alcohol or alcohol-free beverages with your doctor, alcohol counselor or AA sponsor. Reflect on whether the low alcohol or alcohol-free beverage is really reducing your alcohol intake or whether it could trigger you to drink more. Placebo and Expectancy Effects Placebo effectsâ€"in the case of drugs, effects which aren’t actually caused by the drug itselfâ€"can also occur when people drink low alcohol and alcohol-free drinks. The effects of being intoxicated, such as lowered inhibitionsâ€"can be experienced without actually having a lot of alcohol in the bloodstream. Expectancy also affects how a person reacts to low alcohol or alcohol-free beverages. Research into alcohol expectancies shows that alcohol/drug effects and the cycle of addiction are driven by people getting the effects they expect to get. While someone drinking a low alcohol or alcohol-free beverage might not consciously expect to become intoxicated, the taste and appearance of the drink can trigger expectancy effects, causing the person to behave as if they had consumed a greater amount of alcohol. Its a good idea to reflect on how you are affected by low alcohol and alcohol-free beverages and to consider whether you experience placebo or expectancy effects. Trusted friends are also a good source of information, particularly if you tell them you want an honest opinion of your appearance and behavior. If you seem to be behaving irresponsibly after drinking low alcohol or alcohol-free beverages, its probably a better idea to stick to water or soft drinks. Low Alcohol vs.  Alcohol-Free Beverages A range of low alcohol and alcohol-free beverages are available. Alcohol-free beverages contain no alcohol at all, while low alcohol beverages have had most of the alcohol removed by osmosis (many still contain up to 0.5 percent  alcohol). There are over 38 different types of low alcohol beer available, and research shows that the difference between these and full-strength beer cannot be determined by tasting. Alcohol-free beverages are the better choice for anyone who should avoid alcohol altogether. Low alcohol beverages may be a better choice for people who want to reduce their alcohol intake and prefer the taste and minimal effects of low alcohol beverages. The issue of taste is quite importantâ€"people drink, at least initially, because they enjoy it. If you dislike the taste of the alcohol-free or low alcohol beverage you choose, you are more likely to relapse to the full-strength version. Therefore, less harm may be done by choosing a low alcohol beverage you enjoy than an alcohol-free version you dislike. Harm Reduction for Drivers Low alcohol or alcohol-free drinks are ideal for moderate drinkers without health problems who intend to drive; this is much safer than the common approach of taking one or two drinks then stopping, which produces more impairment to the cognitive skills important to driving than if you drink low alcohol or alcohol-free beverages. Unfortunately, the legal level of alcohol in the bloodstream in many jurisdictions (0.08) is higher than the level at which your driving is impaired (0.05). Because low alcohol and alcohol-free beverages do not dehydrate you to the same extent as full-strength beverages (you feel less thirsty after drinking them than you do regular versions), the risk of drinking an excessive amount of low alcohol or alcohol-free beverages is low. Avoiding Intoxication Feel embarrassed drinking soft drinks in social situations, but want to avoid intoxication? Low alcohol or alcohol-free beverages are an ideal solution. Vulnerable drinkers, such as young women attending clubs or parties, can stay sober by replacing alcoholic drinks with low or no alcohol alternatives. Or, consider drinking seltzer water with a lime in a cocktail glass. Purported Health Benefits Low alcohol beverages, particularly low alcohol red wine, are a good method for incorporating a small amount of alcohol into your diet if you wish to explore the health effects of alcohol reported in many studies. Research shows that people are particularly bad at judging home-poured drinks, so it is difficult to limit yourself to the small quantities recommended before going over into amounts that are more harmful than not drinking at all.

Abraham A Leader to Lean From - 1083 Words

INTRODUCTION (1-2) Responsible is a popular quality which has been used to qualify someone in many area of life. A teacher will rather choose a stupid boy but very responsible student to become a proctor than the smart one but, very irresponsible. An employer will promote someone who is responsible to be required as overseer over the one who had many degree but lazy. A responsible father will take care of his family well, a responsible student will do his assignments diligently, and a responsible servant will do his duties and finish whatever it take. Become a responsible man is not an easy task. Sometimes, a responsibility will come because our own mistake, sometimes it’s a consequence of what we have done, sometimes it just appeared because who we are. Whatever it is, we must take our responsibility of all of these. As believer, we often called ourselves as a servant of God. But, the question is how much we care about the duties that had given to us. It is true saying that, great man comes with great responsibility. As an adult, we have greater responsibility than younger one. As a CEO we have a greater responsibility than an employee. As a leader and a pastor, we have greater responsibility than an ordinary congregation to God. Today, we will learn from one servant three things from the servant of Abraham, how we must be responsible to do our duties. As we read, And Abraham was old, and well stricken in age: and the LORD had blessed Abraham in all things. And AbrahamShow MoreRelatedHebrews : An Essay Depth Look At The Authorship And Hebrews 111493 Words   |  6 Pagesauthorship and Hebrews 11. The book of Hebrews has fallen into a category of its own. The book quotes extensively from the Old Testament. It proclaims that Jesus Christ is superior and Christianity over other religions, including Judaism. The author demonstrates ways for following Jesus. It speaks to anyone who is wondering why they should follow Jesus. For some twelve hundred years from 400AD to 1600AD the book was commonly called the Epistle of Paul to the Hebrews. When we take a look at the lettersRead MoreCompare And Contrast Plato And Pluto1246 Words   |  5 Pageslike England, due to the various attacks that have happened this past year. I believe that more people live in a realistic state of mind because they are taking in multiple factors when analyzing a situation. In my own personal life, I have begun to lean more on the realistic state of mind, due to some tough situations. However, by being more realistic about things, I believe that it has prepared me more for the things to come. I think that if everyone chose to follow Plato’s way of thinking, thenRead More Jane Seymour, Queen of England and King Fernando889 Words   |  4 PagesMadrid. Some historians argue that Ferdinand wasnt actually a son of King Charles IV but of the Prime Minister at the time, the rumored lover of the queen. In his youth he occupied the painful position of an heir apparent who was jealously excluded from all share in government by his parents and the royal favorite Manuel de Godoy. National discontent with a feeble government produced a rebellion in 1805. In October 1807, Ferdinand was arrested for his complicity in the El Escorial Revolt inRead MoreCharacteristics Of The Great American President Abraham Lincoln, Singapore s First Prime Minister Lee Yew Essay943 Words   |  4 Pagestalking about greatest leaders in our daily lives, I always tend to look for characteristics of the Great American President Abraham Lincoln, Singapore’s first prime minister Lee Kuan Yew in people who are touted to be leaders. In reality, it is very difficult to find people who are inspired by these great legends and follow their principles without any aberrance. Talking about Leadership in workplace, it is bit different. It is all about the leader how he gets his work done from his colleagues andRead MoreThe Great Mosque Of Cordoba1541 Words   |  7 PagesMosque of Cordoba is located in the â€Å"southern of Spain, Andalusia† (Archnet, 2003). It was built in the â€Å"784-786† by the â€Å"Umayyad leader called Abd ar-Rahman I† (The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica, 2016). In 711, when the North African Berbers started sequences of invasions which lead to the creation of the Cordoba. During the 750’s, the Caliphate (political Islamic leader) they had issues with the political confusions and some acts of rebellions. In the 770’s the creator Emir Abd Al- Rahaman I endedRead MoreCharacteristics Of The Great American President Abraham Lincoln, Singapores First Prime Minister Lee Yew1114 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership Critique Introduction When talking about greatest leaders in our daily lives, I always tend to look for characteristics of the Great American President Abraham Lincoln, Singapore’s first prime minister Lee Kuan Yew in people who are touted to be leaders. In reality, it is very difficult to find people who are inspired by these great legends and follow their principles without any deviation. Talking about Leadership in the workplace, it is a bit different. With constraints such as beingRead MoreThe Opening Sentence Of Immanuel Kant s Essay1060 Words   |  5 PagesIn the opening sentence of Immanuel Kant’s essay, â€Å"What Is Enlightenment?† he answers the question quite succinctly. In brief, Kant believed that â€Å"enlightenment is man s emergence from his self-imposed immaturity.† Furthermore, he added that â€Å"Immaturity is the inability to use one s understanding without guidance from another.† I considerably agree with his definitions, yet his annotations on immaturity in relation towards religion, the government, and the way people should live their lives areRead MoreLife and Leadership of Abraham Lincoln3614 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿Abraham Lincoln was born to Thomas and Nancy (nee Hanks) Lincoln in Sinking Spring Farm, Kentucky on February 12, 1809 in a cabin in the backwoods three miles south of Hodgenville (McPherson). His f amily lived meagerly with his clothes being fashioned from the skins of animals his fathers shot down. He helped his parents around the house weeding the garden, bringing in firewood and water, gathering wild grapes from the woods, and helping to sow seeds at planting time (Thomas, 2008). Years laterRead MoreIllinois Is A Full Of Corruption And Greed1128 Words   |  5 Pagesthick history, which includes the Civil War, World War I, the Manhattan Project (Wikimedia, 2016), and The Great Flood (Information Please Database, 2014). The state has many well-known people, such as H. H. Holmes (Biography.com Editors, 2016), Abraham Lincoln, Barack Obama, and Ulysses S. Grant. The racial composition, according to the 2010 Census, was 71.5% White American which included 63.7% non-Hispanic white and 7.8% White Hispanic, and 14.5% Black or African-American (Information Please DatabaseRead MoreLeadership : Bridging Cultural Divide1590 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership: Bridging Cultural Divide Whether from the U.S., Germany, India, or any one of the myriad countries that comprise the world today, each country generally has developed its own unique culture, idiosyncrasies, and customs for human interaction. Within each of these cultures, someone, at some point in time was looked upon by many of that country’s populace as a great leader; someone who was able to apply his or her understanding of the cultural nuances and gain the adoration of large numbers

The Documentaries Killing Us Softly 4 Essay - 1252 Words

According to Sociologist Craig Calhoun, socialization is â€Å"the process through which individuals internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of a society and learn to function as its members†(Calhoun, 2013). With that in mind, media, particularly the music video and advertisement industry, are essential parts of contemporary socialization, especially involving the perpetuation of gender roles in our culture. At a very young age, children learn, without difficulty, the differences between boys and girls, and what standards they are held to. Women are often objectified, systematically demoralized, and dehumanized in the music video industry and mainstream advertisement. External forces, such as the media, not only guide children to understand the norms of each gender, but these forces also shape children and adolescent’s perception of the self. The documentaries Killing Us Softly 4 directed by Jean Kilbourne and Dream World 3 directed by Sut Jhally explore the distort ed and fallacious ideals of femininity and sexuality expressed in contemporary media. The documentaries Dream World 3 and Killing Us Softly 4 examine the exploitation of women within the media. The media, such as advertisement and the music video industry, relies heavily on the seductive image of female sexuality. Evident in not only every genre of music, but also every form of advertisement, the videos and advertisements expose and, subsequently sexualize the female body. Such sexualization inevitable leads toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Gender Trouble By Judith Butler1710 Words   |  7 Pageson the values we are taught?†. This paper will break down Butler’s novel and explain how she answers her main question. As well as how she brings performativity, specifically within gender to light. In the second part of this essay, different documentaries as well as films that reflect the idea Butler gets across in her own novel and how it affects our everyday lives. In Gender Trouble, Butler explains the difference between sex and gender. She states that sex is biological, while gender isRead MoreEssay about Women and Advertising2280 Words   |  10 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the year 1999, $120 billion was spent on marketing products to consumers (Killing Us Softly 3). Along with products, the advertising industry sells the intangible: â€Å"Ads sell a great deal more than products. They sell values, images, and concepts of success of worth, love and sexuality, popularity, and normalcy. They tell us who we are and who we should be. Sometimes they sell addictions† (Kilbourne, Beauty and the Beast). When the average person is bombarded by 2,000-3,000 ads a day (KilbourneRead MoreTaking a Look at Magazine Advertisements505 Words   |  2 Pageswhich is to get the consumer to buy their products, is seemingly obvious. Most of the messages that ads are sending are being received to the viewer’s subconscious mind. As Jean Kil bourne touches upon in her documentary Killing Us Softly 4, ads not only tell us what we need to buy, they tell us who we are (Killbourne, 2010). The specific ad I will be analyzing is an ad that was produced by the marketing executives at BMW. The ad can be found in many different magazines and the targeted audience forRead MoreEthics in Advertising Essay1263 Words   |  6 Pagesgreater extent they tell us who we are and who we should be,† (Killing Us Softly 4). Advertisements make women feel pressured to look like the supermodels on the cover of Sport’s Illustrated Swim Suit Edition, or the models on the pages Victoria’s Secret’s magazine. The media illustrates a body and look for a woman that is based on flawlessness, something no one can attain. If a model is not perfect, the computer makes them perfect. According to Kilbourne’s documentary, Oprah Winfrey’s head wasRead MoreKilling Us Softly 4 : The Advertising s Image Of Women983 Wor ds   |  4 Pageswe choose to ignore or even are too obtuse to notice. Women are objectified, materialized, and over-sexualized in order to sell clothes, products, ideas and more. As a woman, I agree with the position Kilbourne presents throughout her documentary Killing Us Softly 4: The Advertising’s Image of Women (2010) and her TEDx Talk The Dangerous Ways Ads See Women (2014.) She demonstrates time and again that these advertisements are dangerous and lead to unrealistic expectations of women. I grew up readingRead MoreReading The Signs In Public Spaces: Ulta Beauty. The Space1073 Words   |  5 Pagesthe objectification of women bodies and Benefit’s brow ad is a scary reminder that advertisements are ruining young girls’ thought and ideas of what they should look like and what is societally appropriate for their age. In Jean Kilbourne’s Killing Us Softly 4, she talks about how unrealistic these ideals that photoshop creates really are, displaying a perfectly flawless, yet photoshopped, blonde haired, blue eyed woman – saying â€Å"she never has any lines or wrinkles. She certainly has no scars or blemishesRead MoreAnalysis Of `` Killing Us Softly 4 `` By Jean Kilbourne918 Words   |  4 Pagesand influential tools of advertising are women. But the unfortunate thing is that women are not just viewed as actresses in these ads but as objects for people to look at, use, abuse, and more. In her fourth installment in a line of documentaries, â₠¬Å"Killing Us Softly 4,† Jean Kilbourne explains the influence of advertising women and popular culture, and its relationship to gender violence, sexism and racism, and eating disorders. For women, advertising exemplifies the ideal female body. AccordingRead MoreGender Roles Of Man And Woman1668 Words   |  7 Pages From the beginning of the human race, gender roles of man and woman appeared to be straightforward with certain characteristics embedded in us. Women, being able to procreate, were sought to as nurturers, while men were to protect and provide for their family. Men were considered to be the dominant sex who lead, are powerful, and masculine, while women are considered to be nurturing, sensitive, and feminine. The stereotypes that individuals must encounter are visible everywhere from social situationsRead MoreThe Italian Clothing Company Diesel Released An Advertising Campaign1509 Words   |  7 Pagesartistic, edgy, and well representing of both men and women, the messages that they’re conveying in the campaign must be examined critically. In the documentary Killing Us Softly 4, Jean Kilbourne points out that, â€Å"ads sell more than products. They sell values, they sell images†¦ To a great extent they tell us who we are and who we should be,† (Killing Us Softly , 2012). This advertisement works to set up several dichotomies: smart/stupid, cowardice/bravery, and boring/interesting. These dichotomies workRead More A Look Inside a Woman’s World Essay example1156 Words   |  5 PagesHumans are undeniably trained and wired to judge others based on race, gender, and appearance. Unfortunately, women are stuck in all categories of judgments. Jean Kilbourne, an award-winning producer on documentaries about images of women in ads, explains that when media and advertisements exploit femininity for personal gain, women are at risk for much harm because it promotes objectification, which eventually will led to violence. An African American feminist, Joan Morgan, expresses her further

Isotopes and Their Uses Free Essays

Isotopes Any of two or more forms of a chemical element, having the same number of protons in the nucleus, but having different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes. Some isotopes are unstable, especially those with a lot of neutrons compared to the number of protons in the nucleus. These isotopes tend to eject some particles, in the form of radiation, until a stable nucleus is produced; this is called the radioactive decay. We will write a custom essay sample on Isotopes and Their Uses or any similar topic only for you Order Now Four isotopes as well as their uses are mentioned subsequently. Americium: Americium is a silvery metal, which corrodes slowly in air and is soluble in acid. It has the isotopes: Am-243, Am-242 and Am-241, with a half-life of 432 years, which was the first isotope to be isolated. The isotope Am-241  decays by  emitting alpha particles and intense gamma radiation to become neptunium-237. Americium (in combination with beryllium) is also used as a neutron source in non-destructive testing of machinery and equipment, and as a thickness gauge in the glass industry. However, its most common application is as an ionization source in smoke detectors, and most of the several kilograms of americium made each year are used in this way. One gram of americium oxide provides enough active material for more than  three million  household smoke detectors. Krypton: Krypton 85 (Kr-85) is a radioisotope of krypton. It is a radioactive gas found in the atmosphere and produced by nuclear explosions, nuclear power plants, volcanoes and earthquakes. Krypton-85 is odorless, colorless and tasteless and emits low-level radiation levels of both gamma and beta rays. Krypton-85 is usually produced in gas mixtures with argon or xenon to improve the ionization in light bulbs by reducing their starting voltage. It also is used in plasma displays, spark gaps and for leak detection. Strontium: Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope, with a half-life of 28. 8 years. Sr-90 finds extensive use in medicine and industry, as a radioactive source for superficial radiotherapy of some cancers. Controlled amounts of this isotope can be used in treatment of bone cancer. As the radioactive decay of strontium-90 generates significant amount of heat, it is used as a heat ource in radioisotope thermoelectric generators, this is a device where heat released by the decay of a radioactive material is converted into electricity. It is also used as a radioactive tracer in medicine and agriculture. Thorium: Thorium-230 is a radioactive isotope of thorium, which can be used to date corals and determine ocean current flux. Ionium was a name given early in the study of radioa ctive elements to the Th-230 isotope produced in the decay chain of U-238 before it was realized that ionium and thorium are chemically identical. The symbol Io was used for this supposed element. How to cite Isotopes and Their Uses, Papers

Job Description

Question: Write a report under distinct headings explaining the steps in the recruitment process for a specific job and providing relevant material at each stage (a job advert, a c.v. etc as stated below). Answer: Source of the Job Network rail has opened up a vacancy for the post of Customer service Assistant/Mobility assistance reception. The location of the job is London. The job is in the network operation department. Its a full time job and requires expert skills. Job Description The job requires assisting in the smooth day to day running of the busy train station. The selected person would be a friendly and informed representative of the Network rail and British railway. The person would be answerable to the customers for the accurate and timely information of all the rail services. The duty would be to ensure that the trains depart the citys station on time and with full safety. The responsibility to check the users are using the station safely or not. The person should know how to face challenging situations like when the customers become frustrated due to late trains. The person has to enthusiastic and responsible. The other requirements are speaking in English, experience to work in Customer service environment, confident, willing to work in shift patterns, uncertain hours, and in bank holidays too. CV John Albert 178 Maple St. Mobile: 0400 8990 909 Ja12@gmail.com Customer Service Rep with 3 years experience in call center Objective I am a polished and professional candidate with an excellent communication skills. I am seeking a position in the customer service department. I am a dedicated, patient, disciplined, and a friendly person who wants to use his skills and education to work with you in a techno-economic way. I assure you I have thrive to turn the situations and make it acceptable by everyone. I have a three years experience of providing customer support in a well-known call center environment. My job goal is to implement a strategic relationship by listening attentively, solving problems creatively, and use the diplomacy method to attain a win-win situation. Experience Worked as a Customer Service Representative in Samsung UK from January 2013 to December 2015. My role was to handle customer inquires, complaints, giving them information, and solving payment issues. Key Accomplishments: Managed a high-volume workload in a stressful and demanding environment. Resolved 430 queries in 3 days time with my consistency. Able to thrive win-win situation in a stressful environment and was lead go-to person. I have trained new employees the basics of customer service. Helped company attain a 100% customer service rate by providing extra time and efforts. Education Qualified high school exams in year 2011. Assessment Criteria The person should be an active and patient listener with excellent communication skills. The person should be polite, gentle, friendly, and non-aggressive person. He/should have the capability to handle many customers at a time with a smile and in an irritating and stressful environment. The person should have the capability to achieve a win-win situation by acting in a diplomatic and understanding way. The person should be present at all times and must be able to work in pressurized environment. Criteria Measures High- The person is confident while speaking and develops a win-win and impressive environment in a short time by providing compelling evidences of the way he/she works. The person addresses how he was successful in different stressful situations in his/her previous work environment. Medium The person in confident but still does not have high communication skills to back answer any kind of stressful situation or a tricky question. He/she does not have done much impressive work in the previous work environment. He/she was an average employee who performs the assigned duty and goes of home. No extra efforts were seen. Low The person sounds not much interested in getting a job. The person in not able to talk properly and fluently. The person does not show any evidence that he/she can work in a stressful environment. Sounds rude and impatient. Methods of assessment criteria Asking for the evidences and rewards he/she has gain in previous work environment. Proposing a stressful situation in front of the candidate and asking how he/she will tackle it. Like for example telling the train is late by 3 hours and still no information has been gathered for its arrival due to some technical problem. In such cases how he/she will handle the crowd. Assessing the persons patience and friendly level by talking in a rude, irritable and aggressive manner. Checking the etiquettes and manners used by him/her during the interview.

Nozick on Distributive Justice Essay Example

Nozick on Distributive Justice Essay Justice Paper 2 -Ankur Shah Nozick says that liberty upsets patterns. Critically assess this claim. Be sure to: I. Explain what the quoted phrase means (what Nozick means by â€Å"liberty† and by â€Å"patterns†); II. Discuss how Rawls would respond to Nozick’s thesis; III. Explain whether Nozick is right that liberty upsets patterns; IV. If Nozick is right, then discuss whether such upsetting of patterns provides a sound reason for rejecting patterns, or for regulating liberty. â€Å"Liberty upsets patterns† In his book â€Å"Anarchy, state and utopia†, Nozick provides a moral defense for Libertarianism, which is traditionally defined as â€Å"the advocacy of individual  liberty, especially freedom of thought and action†. The core idea behind Nozick’s Libertarianism is the concept of â€Å"self-ownership,† which means that each individual belongs totally and entirely to himself and not to anyone else (Cohen Lecture6). Based on this concept, Nozick sets the premise for Possessive Libertarianism, in which any reduction of liberty is a violation of basic rights and that interference reduces a person’s liberty if and only if the interference is unjustified† (Cohen Lecture6). To justify his claims Nozick purports that a minimalistic state is the only form of governance that is dedicated to protecting basic rights. Furthermore, he argues against equality or any form of distributive justice because any pattern designed for distribution of goods conflicts directly with the protection of liberty, specifically the rights of self-ownership. In this paper I present Nozick’s definition of â€Å"liberty† and â€Å"pattern† and prove that based on Nozick’s conventions for these terms, liberty and pattern are incompatible. Furthermore, I explore possible counterarguments from Rawls and provide my justification for why liberty takes precedence over maintaining the pattern. What Nozick means by â€Å"liberty† and by â€Å"patterns† In order to evaluate Nozick’s claim that â€Å"liberty upsets pattern†, it is critical to understand how Nozick’s defines â€Å"liberty† and â€Å"pattern†. Nozick’s meaning of â€Å"liberty† arises from the concept of â€Å"self-ownership. In this context, an individual is entitled to their lives, their labor and by extension the fruits of their labor (Feser). So, no entity or individual can justifiably take away the end product of one’s own labor. Furthermore, the concept of self-ownership extends an individual’s capacity to do as they please with their wealth. Every individual is entitled to make their own choices, be they positive or negative, and pursue their own life plans, so long as they do not interfere with the rights of another individual. We will write a custom essay sample on Nozick on Distributive Justice specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Nozick on Distributive Justice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Nozick on Distributive Justice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This concept of Liberty is demonstrated in Nozick’s Chamberlain example, where people who came to watch have the power to invest their wealth to see Chamberlain play. In essence, liberty is one person’s right to do as they see fit with their property without interference from another. The term â€Å"pattern† arises from Nozick’s evaluation of the various systems for distribution of wealth in a society. Nozick defines a principle of distribution to be patterned if â€Å"it specifies that a distribution is to vary along with some natural dimension, weighted sum of natural dimensions, or lexicographic ordering of natural dimensions† (Nozick 156). So, if we imagine a system where wealth is distributed according to a moral compass, where more is given to the virtuous and less to the vicious. Another would be a system where wealth is divided based on the effort one puts into one’s work or one that is based on the highest level of degree or one based on the number of contributions they make to society or one where individuals with higher IQ hold more wealth (Arnold). If a system for redistribution existed to ensure any of the previous scenario’s hold true, then such a society would be â€Å"patterned† based on Nozick’s definition. Simply put, if there exists a system that enforces wealth distribution based on a set rules, then the society is patterned. How does liberty upset patterns? To illustrate the meaning behind â€Å"liberty upsets patterns,† I will closely examine the Chamberlain’s example. This example demonstrates that free exchange, which rises from the idea of self-ownership, will upset the patterned distribution. Basically, if people have the right to dispose their legitimately earned wealth as they see fit. The following outlines the Chamberlain’s logic as presented by Nozick (Pg 160-161) 1. There exists a patterned distribution D1, which is a favorite patter of non-entitlement conception of justice 2. Wilt Chamberlain, a skilled basketball player who attracts home crowds, signs a contract where 0. 25 is put apart for every home game for him 3. Since people are excited to see him play, they freely contribute 0. 25 towards Wilt Chamberlain. 4. Thus, if let’s say a million people come to watch, Chamberlain ends up with 250,000, which is more than everyone else. 5. Since the distribution D1 no longer holds, there exist a new distribution where everyone has 0. 5 less than original and Wilt Chamberlain has 250,000 more than original 6. Since, all exchanges were done with willing participants there was no injustice done in order for the new distribution to come into place, and therefore D2 is a just distribution. Now, in order to revert to D1, the wealth acquired by Chamberlain would have to be taken away and redistributed to its original form. In doing so, Chamberlainà ¢â‚¬â„¢s rights to his wealth would be violated. Similar conditions emerge if one considers someone doing overtime, or performing services in exchange for wealth outside the initial D1 distribution. Since D1 distribution cannot be maintained as long as people have the right to do what they wish with their wealth, it would become necessary to restrict people from spending wealth based on their choice. This would infringe upon the rights of individuals. It is clear that patterned society would not be able to maintain itself alongside liberty. As citizens are free to use their resources and wealth as they see fit in such a state, people with talent, or skills that are in greater demand, like Wilt Chamberlain’s talent in basketball, will be able to increase their wealth through their talent. An automatic transfer of wealth will occur towards these individuals with skills that are in demand, and thus causing the disturbance in the initial distribution. In order to restore the distribution, the government will have to redistribute the wealth which would violate the basic rights of self-ownership since wealth acquired through valid means, like Will Chamberlain’s money, would be taken away without compensation. Thus, it is impossible to redistribute wealth without infringing on the liberties which means that a liberty would necessarily upset a patterned state. Rawls and Nozick In his book, A Theory of Justice, Rawls argues for a patterned distributive justice with the belief that not knowing one’s own position in society would lead everyone to be concerned for equality. Thus, we should always be concerned about the least fortunate because we might be the least fortunate ones. This argument draws its support from the assumption that people as a whole are under veil of ignorance regarding their place in society. Based on this he presents two principles of justice, the Liberty principle and the Difference principle stated below. (Brown) 1. â€Å"Each person is to have an equal right to the most extensive total system of equal basic liberties compatible with a similar scheme of liberties for others. † (Rawls 51) 2. Social and economic inequalities are to be arranged so that they are both a. to the greatest benefit of the least advantaged members of society (the difference principle) b. ffices and positions must be open to everyone under conditions of fair equality of opportunity (Rawls 303) In contrast for Nozick arguments are based on the self-ownership principle, according to which, the people who produce a thing have absolute right over it, as in â€Å"things come into the world already attached to people having entitlements over them† (Nozick 160). They have the right to do as they choose with their property. Based on this, Nozick derives the entitlement theory, which states 1. A person who acquires a holding in accordance with the principle of justice in acquisition is entitled to that holding- Theory of Acquisition. . A person who acquires a holding in accordance with the principle of justice in transfer, from someone else entitled to the holding, is entitled to the holding- Theory of Transfer. 3. No one is entitled to a holding except by (repeated) applications of 1 and 2- Theory of Rectification. (Nozick 151) Thus Nozick would oppose Rawls’ view that it is just to redistribute wealth as long as it benefits the least fortunate is society because the owners would not be reaping all the benefits of their labor, if some of it was taken away for the less fortunate group (Cohen Lecture 6). Rawls argument against Nozick would rest on the grounds that ownership comes about due to external influences based on social position, and can result in total lack of property among a certain group of people. Thus, without any property, they would be unable to maintain themselves and thus taxation of the wealthy to support the unfortunate is justified. Furthermore, Rawls would argue that in Nozick’s case, rights seem to have sprung forth without having principles of justice in place, and thus are invalid since Rawls views society as a system of cooperation between individuals for mutual advantage (Lacewing). Thus in Rawls’ view, people will only have rights to a part of the share based on the principles of justice in place. Does liberty really upset pattern? It is my belief that Nozick’s claim that â€Å"liberty upsets pattern† is valid. To support this claim, I rely on the fact that as long as people have the liberty to spend their resources to their whims, it is impossible to maintain the systemized pattern that will ensure distribution based on the current system. To demonstrate this claim, we consider a system where wealth is distributed equally among all its individuals. We also maintain that every individual is granted liberty, which ensures that there is no external interference that keeps people from doing as they wish with their wealth. Now, in such a society we suppose that two individuals living close together combine their wealth and build a facility to race their remote controlled (RC) cars right next to their houses, because they are RC fanatics and would get enjoyment out of this center. Attracted by the facility, many people get into the RC hobby and want to use the facility that was built. Since, the first two individuals spend their own wealth building this facility, they decide to charge other people for the use of their facility. Attracted by the growing numbers, more and more individuals get into the hobby, and start using the facility to demonstrate and race their RC cars. Now, since these individuals have the right to do as they wish with their wealth and are willing to pay for the use of the facility, they individuals who built the facility start running a net profit offsetting the cost of building and maintaining the facility. Because of this the wealth distribution shifts towards the builders of the facility. With enough profits, they decide to opt for another facility. However, since the wealth distribution is no longer equal, the system must interfere in order to redistribute the wealth to equal terms. This interference reduces the rights of the builders, since they are no longer able to build a second facility, which was through their own wealth. Thus, a very simple case demonstrates that maintaining a pattern will require constant interference, and reduction of liberty. To further illustrate the fact that pattern and liberty are incompatible, we can consider any two individuals living in this society. It is natural to assume that these individuals will have different taste, and different view on what to do with their resources or available wealth. If we consider any system, that distributes wealth based on certain systemized values and then add liberty to the equation, the system will no longer hold valid. Introducing liberty basically alters the system by adding a free element, which is outside the established pattern. Thus the pattern will collapse unless checks are placed on liberty. A direct analogy can be made to the Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, where it is impossible to control a system without interfering with the system. If the pattern were equal distribution, it would be unsettled by something as simple as the choice of the first individual to save his wealth while the second individual spends his wealth on some form of entertainment. Other liberties like gambling, choices in luxury items to own, varying hobbies, and varying needs will all lead to an imbalance in the distribution. Furthermore, individuals will have the ability to sell their talents to those who would be willing to pay. These are all sources that necessarily exist with liberty and will just as surely upset any established pattern. The sole fact that people have the liberty to transfer wealth would mean that transfer of wealth will occur autonomously. This will cause the pattern to collapse upon itself unless an external force is applied to restore the balance. In order to restore and maintain the distribution, the governing entity will have to redistribute the wealth according to the pattern or take away people’s rights to spend as they wish. Both of these choices infringe upon the self-ownership rights of an individual, and thus are invalid. As long as people are free to use their resources as they wish, it is impossible to expect that a certain pattern be maintained. Thus, liberty invariably upsets any established pattern. Regulate Liberty or reject pattern? Since the above examples demonstrated that it is impossible to maintain liberty without â€Å"upsetting† the pattern, the natural course of argument is to question whether regulating liberty or rejecting pattern is the right choice. It is my belief that protecting individual liberties takes precedence over establishing a pattern, as long as every individual is provided with sustainable necessities of life. Basically, there are grounds to establish patterns to ensure a sustainable and progressive society, as long as the interference is minimal. First, I shall argue that an established pattern is detrimental to society as a whole. Let’s consider a patterned principle where wealth is distributed according to the effort that a person puts into his work. In paper such a system sounds fair and just, where the effort one puts in is rewarded by an equal amount of wealth. In this system, we consider two individuals working on the same task. Now, let us consider that because of factors like intelligence, skill, and other external influences the first individual finishes the task in an hour while the second takes 10 hours to finish the task. In such a system, the second individual is rewarded more because it took him more effort to accomplish the task that the first individual. As such the more productive member of the society, the first individual, is punished for his superior ability. It is clear that such a system would stifle progress, since people like individual A would lack the incentive to utilize their full capacity. So, it can be clearly seen that the requirement of maintaining the pattern will be detrimental to the progress of society. Let’s go even further and ignore this flaw by assuming that every individual is matched with the task that utilizes his skill in a manner that ensures equal amounts of effort. So, everyone is putting in equal effort towards their task. For such a system, a pattern of wealth distributed by effort seems to have no flaws. However, since people are free to do with their wealth as they please, some may decide to transfer their wealth to another individual because he provides entertainment that does not exist elsewhere, or another individual who comes up with a product that everyone desires. This transfer of wealth does not require one to perform a task of equal effort, but simply one that has higher demand than the other. The inherent flaw lies in the fact that certain skills are more valued than others even if they require less effort. This can be seen in an example where an individual creates a product of high value, very useful to society, through very little effort. Would this individual not be entitled to the transferred wealth, even if he put such little effort in it? Now suppose, we take away the transferred wealth to maintain the pattern, very soon there will be no incentive to innovate since there are no rewards for success. In this manner, society would become stagnant. An argument for regulation of liberty arises from the fact that allowing people to redistribute their wealth as they please, would lead to the emergence of an elite class whose skills are more in demand. Because of this demand, the distribution of wealth would shift towards the elites. This concentration of wealth and resources would give a group of individuals more power than the rest of society leading to an establishment of a polarized, unequal society with a uneven distribution of wealth. Historical evidence suggests that, without any regulation it is very often that rich become richer and the poor become poorer. In these terms, if the conditions of the poor reach below a certain threshold, (let’s call it sustainability threshold) society suffers because the environment for these individuals is no longer conducive for them being productive members of society. Their contribution will be limited by their need for providing basic necessities for existence. In this manner, the overall productivity of society will be lowered. Thus it is necessary to establish some pattern of redistribution of wealth to ensure that every individual has the basic necessities to sustain themselves, in order to create a most productive society. Final comments In regards to setting the levels for sustainability is something beyond the scope of this essay, and perhaps beyond the scope of society as a whole. My personal belief is that this threshold wavers based on external factors, but maintains an overall upwards trend. Finally, though Philosophers like Rawls and Nozick seem to have justified a system that works, I do not yet see reconciliation between Liberty and Equality within any of these principles. Perhaps the search is as elusive as the unifying theory of physics, but mostly insignificant in the daily workings of life. Word count: 3117 Works Cited Arnold, Scott. Nozick. n. d. 2010 June . Brown, Lachlan. The Sydney Morning Herald. 9 October 2003. June 2010 . Feser, Edward. Internet encyclopedia of philosophy. 4 May 2005. June 2010 . Lacewing, Michael. Rawls and Nozick of Justice. n. d. June 2010 . Nozick, Robert. Anarchy, State and Utopia. New York: Basic Books, 1974. Rawls, John. A Theory of Justice. Belknap, 1971.

Sample Business Recommendation Letter From an Employer

Sample Business Recommendation Letter From an Employer Students who are applying to a business, management, or entrepreneur program will need to have at least one recommendation letter that demonstrates your leadership ability. This sample recommendation letter is the perfect example of what a business school wants to see from both undergraduate and graduate program applicants.It has been reprinted (with permission) from EssayEdge.com. Named ​one of the best essay services on the Internet by The Washington Post, EssayEdge has helped more applicants write successful personal statements than any other company in the world.Though EssayEdge did not write or edit this sample recommendation letter, it is a good example of how a recommendation should be formatted. See more sample recommendation letters. Sample Letter of Recommendation Dear Sir: Esti worked for me as my assistant for one year. I recommend her without qualification for your entrepreneur program. While working in commercial production, I often relied on Esti to put together creative presentations, for which she described and outlined the artistic approach to the project, researching illustrations and photographic reference materials. Her creativity, resourcefulness, and ability to see a project through really made these presentations distinctive and successful. When we went into production on the feature film Hotcha, Esti was able to observe every step of the process, sitting in on meetings and working with people in all areas of the production from the moment the production was set in motion through the release of the film ten months later. During this time, she was an effective communicator, often serving as my liaison to scattered members of the crew. She also coordinated projects involving numerous people, and her ability to work collaboratively while guiding the project quickly and effectively was outstanding. For example, when we suddenly needed to reconceive several action sequences that had already been storyboarded, Esti quickly found a new storyboard artist on location and worked with him, the stunt coordinator and the cinematographer through several drafts to make sure the new sequences worked, and then communicated with crew members from all departments, making sure everyone was up-to-date on the changes that were relevant to them. She even jumped in to draw a few last-minute storyboard changes herself. Estis sensitivity, diligence, energy, and sense of humor made working with her a joy. I highly recommend her as a welcome addition to the program. Sincerely,Jeff Jones

Moving a business to Nigeria. Political and Legal, Demographics, Essay

Moving a business to Nigeria. Political and Legal, Demographics, Culture And Human Development Index - Essay Example The following paper discusses the many challenges of shifting business to Nigeria and recommends solutions to the soaring labor costs and increasing competition. Information regarding Nigeria’s demographic, economic, cultural, political and developmental situation has been analyzed leading to the decision that the company should continue to produce and sell in the US and not do any kind of business in Nigeria. Demographics of Nigeria Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa. In July 2012, Nigeria was estimated to record a population of 170,123,740 people (Akinpelu 7). This translates to a population density of 184. 52 compared to 33. 114 people per square kilometer in USA (Hamilton and Webster 51). This indicates that Nigeria's resources, especially land, are quite strained. Such a high population density indicates poor planning and possibility of a nation not being able to sustain itself. Although the high population may indicate availability of cheap labor, lack of suf ficient funds from the government towards education leads to lack of quality human resource. This is not good for business and thus, it would not be advisable to move a business from New York to Nigeria on the basis of high population densities. In fact, USA has a population higher than that of Nigeria making it a larger market amidst growing competition in the business of manufacturing motorized scooters. There are 250 ethnic groups in Nigeria divided almost equally between Christianity and Islam. Religious differences have seen a history of intense religious clashes between Muslims and Christians causing poor business environments. On 20th June 2012, Red Cross estimated that 80 had been killed in Kaduna due to a Muslim-Christian conflict. To curb language barriers, English is used as the official language. The literacy level in Nigeria is estimated to be 78% compared to 99% for USA (Hamilton and Webster 73). This gives USA an upper hand while using these figures to compare quality of workforce between the two countries. Culture Being an African country, Nigeria has deep roots in its culture. With over 50 languages being spoken by the 250 ethnic groups, Nigeria’s culture is quite diversified and thus complex to generalize. This may not be good for business since it is complex to familiarize a business with the many cultures in Nigeria. Nigeria’s is however rapidly changing into a modernized country as a result of the rise of its movie industry known as Nollywood in the global market (Akinpelu 24). This shows that Nigerians are hardworking and creative relative to many countries in Africa but certainly not the USA which has the biggest and most developed movie industry in the world. USA’s culture is modernized and more uniform compared to that of Nigeria (Hamilton and Webster 93). USA’s culture is more liberal as compared to Nigeria hence making it easier to accommodate change as a strategy in business. Culture is an important facto r while considering modes of marketing in order to reach and convince a larger audience. Human Development Index Human development index is important in determining how developed a country is. This index captures information about life expectancy, education, literacy, quality of life and standards of living. With the inclusion of all the above determinants of human development index, we can comfortably classify countries as underdeveloped, developing or developed. Nigeria’s HDI was estimated to be 0.459 and thus classified as having low human development. USA’s HDI is classified as very high ranking 3rd globally with a figure of 0.910 (Hamilton and Webster 49). This makes US a better region to nature one’s business compared to Nige

Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 76

Journal - Essay Example I took part in the creation of an effective campaign process that entailed the creation of posters and placing them strategically. â€Å"Leadership plays a huge role in improving organizational policies and protocols.† (Stevens & Cooper, 2009). Besides the intense teamwork, I spared time to proof read my project in readiness for submission. The week presented various value addition opportunities as I met preceptor with who I shared vital information on various discourses in the nursing profession (Budd, 2002). I attended yet another leadership meeting where I interacted with various departmental leaders. Furthermore, I continued working on the awareness raising exercise and saved time to polish my DNP project. I spent time working on the awareness creation project. Working with a teammate, we visited hospitals and clinics creating awareness and encouraging hand washing among other hygiene behavior (Baldwin, 1977). I learnt numerous interpersonal skills besides the ethics necessary in maintaining successful and efficient teams. Additionally, I saved time to work on my

Egon Schiele: Influences on and Impact in Art

Egon Schiele: Influences on and Impact in Art Was Egon Schiele ahead of his time or just in touch with it? A master of expressionism or practising pornographer and paedophile? What was the driving force behind his most memorable images; those being his nudes and self portraits? Looking at economic, social, personal influences, was he milking the times and environment for self gain or was he a hormone raging self absorbed youngster finding himself? Introduction Expressionism is described in typically polemic terms in the preface for the 1912 exhibition in Cologne, featuring new artists of this genre. In it, it says: â€Å"the exhibition is intended to offer a general view of the newest movement in painting, which has succeeded atmospheric naturalism and the impressionist rendering of motion, and which strives to offer a simplification and intensification in the mode of expression, after new rhythms and new uses of colour and a decorative or monumental configuration – a general view of that movement which has been described as expressionism.† Schiele certainly fulfilled the loose terminologies expressed above, as a great deal of the subject matter he explored, primarily his nudes and his self-portraits, were concerned with the constant need to redefine and explore different ways of expressing these themes; a simplification and intensification in the mode of expression. At times, Schiele reduces the broad sentiments of Impressionism to a single streak; he cuts out all that is unnecessary, reducing his backgrounds to a simple wash of colour, and thus focuses on his primary interest, that of the human subject. Schiele was also extremely concerned with the notion of self in his work; he is frequently cited in critical work as a narcissist and, with over 100 self portraits to his name, each of which appear to be concerned with showing himself in various, often contradictory ways, this would appear to be true. But, beyond simple glorification of the self, Schiele seems to be doing something else in his self-portraiture. By picturing himself in such a varied and at times contradictory way, Schiele in turn questions his own authenticity, and attempts to align himself with that great canon of artist in society, as a contemporary Promethean or Christ-like figure. â€Å"Allegory, unmasking, the presentation of a personable image, and close scrutiny of body language as influenced by the psyche, all met most palpably where Schieles eye looked most searchingly – in his self-portraits, his odyssey through the vast lands of the self. His reflections on and of himself filled a great hall of mirrors where he performed a pantomime of the self unparalleled in twentieth century art.† Indeed, the ambiguity of Schiele as regards himself is a dense and complex subject, which regards both â€Å"truth†, and a more subjective appraisal of art in Viennese society during the time in which Schiele was painting. Schiele was also concerned with breaking down and fundamentally opposing the traditions of Viennese culture and art which, at the time, were largely very conservative in opinion. In his art, Schiele would strike out at the culture that celebrated Biedermeier art and the slavish reproduction of classical works that he was taught at Viennas Academie der Bildunden Kunste (Viennas Academy of Fine Art), which he was admitted to on the grounds of his exceptional talent as a draughtsman. Most prominently, he would break these rules, and was thus ahead of his times with his extremely controversial oeuvre, which broke from these schools almost completely, both stylistically and in terms of the subject matter that they conveyed. But it is extremely difficult, if not impossible when considering any artist to extricate him / her from the times in which he / she was born. An artist is inevitably bound to the world around him / her, and thus, it is important to consider the economic, social and cultural trends that were prevalent at the time. Schiele was part of the expressionist movement – which immediately set itself up against the heralded principals of art in Vienna, by setting up its own artist-led business entities, using the work and the life of Klimt as an example. I will expand upon the layered history that led up to Viennese expressionism, and hope to extrapolate the extent to which Schiele was paving the way for a new generation of artists. Schieles art was especially controversial in its subject matter. In his early work especially, unflinching portraits were painted that not only showed Schiele in uncompromising positions, but also subjects such as proletariat children, who were invariably portrayed naked, and painted with a grotesque and sickly eroticism that draws you unerringly into these taboo areas. Whether Schiele was deliberately trying to shock and provoke the modesties of the Viennese public, or whether he was trying to uncover a more universal, spiritual or sexual truth is subject to debate. Overall, in this essay, I will discuss how the history of Vienna impacted upon the work of Schiele, looking at the cultural, social and economic impact of Schiele. I will also look at how Schiele uses the self-portrait, especially how he chooses to either promote, or at least define the prevalent role of expressionist artist in his work. Then I will look at how the abundance of these controversial self-portraits, along with innumerable photographs of Schiele posing, in turn makes Schieles identity in his work more ambiguous. Then I will look at the more pornographic side of Schiele, and question how Schiele, deeply embedded in the cultural and moral codes of the time, reacted entirely against them and established his own, art of â€Å"ugliness†. History Of Viennese Expressionism Fredrick Raphael, in his preface to Dream Story by Arthur Schnitzler, suggests something about the Viennese psyche; he says that: â€Å"In 1866, Bismarcks Prussia destroyed Austro-Hungarys bravely incompetent army at Sadowa. The effect of that defeat on the Viennese psyche cannot be exactly assessed. Austria had already suffered preliminary humiliation by the French, under Louis-Napoleon, but Sadowa confirmed that she would never again be a major player in the worlds game. Yet conscious acceptance of Austrias vanished supremacy was repressed by the brilliance and brio of its social and artistic life. Who can be surprised that Adlers discovery of the inferiority complex, and of compensating assertiveness, was made in a society traumatized by dazzling decline? It was as if the city which spawned Arthur Schinitzler and Sigmund Freud feared to awake from its tuneful dreams to prosaic reality.† Indeed, the times in which Egon Schiele was making his mark on the Viennese establishment was a time where the Viennese art community were at their most conservative, or most susceptible to lapsing into these â€Å"tuneful dreams†. Schieles self-imposed mission, it seemed, was to violently shake these people into a state of consciousness. But that isnt to say that Schiele existed entirely in a vacuum, living entirely by his own rules. Comini stresses that: â€Å"The content of Schieles Expressionism then was a heightened sense of pathos and impending doom, and an acute awareness of the self. Schieles Expressionist form drew from the great European reservoir of Symbolist evocativeness.† So, from a veritable melange of varying influences, Schiele managed to get his form, which combined that of exceptional draughtsman, with an inescapable desire for portraying the artistry of â€Å"ugliness†, something of which Schiele was something of a pioneer. In 1897, Schiele joined the painting class of Christian Griepenkerl; who was a deeply conservative artist devoted to neoclassicism, or the slavish devotion and replication of classic works of art. This involved long hours copying the works of the Old Masters at Viennas Academy of Fine Art. Schiele was enrolled for his superior draughtsmanship, but he was eventually alienated from it because he didnt see the relevance or the importance in neoclassicism. Thus, he became something of a troublemaker to the establishment, and was eventually forced out. This was echoed 100 years hence by the Romantics; an art group who pursued a loose programme intended to reinvest art with emotional impact. The Romantics, however, proved too unpalatable to the Viennese citizenry, who instead preferred the work of Biedermeier artists. Kallir says: â€Å"On the whole, Germans proved more receptive to Romanticism than Austrians who shied away from such intense expressions of feeling and took refuge in the mundane cheer of the Biedermeier.† She goes on to say: â€Å"Biedermeier [†¦] was geared more to the applied than to the fine arts, though in all its myriad incarnations it promoted the personal comforts of the middle class Burger. Biedermeier painting revolved around idealized renditions of everyday life, scenes of domestic bliss, genre pictures portraying ruddy-cheeked peasants, and picturesque views of the native countryside.† Being born into this highly stringent, conservative environment must have shaped Schieles defiance somewhat, as Schiele not only seems to break with what was established in Vienna as profitable art, but he almost seems to occupy exactly the opposite role. Even in works by Klimt, who was deemed controversial at the time, there are still elements of decorative palatability that makes his work visually and aesthetically appealing. Schiele seems to be deliberately working against this formula; which was brave considering that art, at the time, depended on patronage and buyers to actually sustain a profit. Schiele didnt seem concerned in the slightest that his work wouldnt get a buyer. In fact, the market is abandoned almost completely. In Schieles early work, art becomes â€Å"ugly†; his figures are pallid and atrophied; the composition of the pieces are unconventional and thus attack the sensibilities of the audience. Upon his break from Viennas Academy, and much akin to Klimt, whom he admired and painted on a number of occasions, Schiele set up his own group, entitled simply, â€Å"The New Art Group.† This was similar to Klimts route, as he set up the Viennese Secession, of which Schiele would play a part, which came from and used the tried and tested formula of the Genossenschaft betdender Kunster Wiens (Vienna Society of Visual Artists), a project financed by Emperor Franz Josef as a means of promoting art in the city. However, this system was not without its drawbacks. â€Å"Its progressive potential was [†¦] undermined by a policy of majority rule, which generally granted victory to the conservative faction. Within this context, the societys role as dealer was particularly disturbing to the younger, more forward-thinking minority, from whom exclusion from major exhibitions could have adverse financial consequences.† Similarly, the capitalist nature of art, coupled with the conservatism of the market made for a very difficult time for the progressive artist, and perhaps was a reason behind why Schiele opposed the artistic community with such fervency and vitriol, and often resorted to shock tactics and self-publicity to get himself heard. Klimts Secession operated on similar principles to the Vienna society: â€Å"†¦the Secession [†¦] was principally a marketing agent for its members work.† Thus, again it proved difficult for the younger, more radical artists to break through, despite Klimts support. Later, funds from patronage dwindled, so it was necessary for artists to seek out new markets. â€Å"The withdrawal of official patronage pre-empted the Secessionists to seek new ways of generating the sales and commissions necessary to keep them in business.† Ultimately, this meant that socialist, and personal art became more prominent a theme. The monumental, allegorical themes that Klimt and Schiele tended to attack (although Schieles work was deeply personal, it was also very monumental and took a number of influences from Klimt and symbolist art), no longer had a substantial market. Klimts decorative style, coupled with his established name, could still sell work to his established clients. Schiele, however, had no such luck, and it was only in 1918, the last year of his life, that Schiele managed to break even with his work. Although Schiele did not seem overly concerned with the economic potential of his works; in fact, he even seemed to equate poverty and suffering to the role of an artist in general, and Schiele was probably one of the most uncompromising artists of the twentieth century in terms of pandering to a particular audience; it is nevertheless important to consider economics, social and cultural conditions because, Schiele, by setting himself and his role as an artist in direct opposition to the establishment, also put himself in the long-standing tradition of artist in opposition to mainstream society. Kallir points out that: â€Å"The Secession, the Galerie Muethke, and the Wiener Werkstatte [, the latter two being establishments set up in the wake of the gradual reduction of patronage funds and a need to find and establish new markets for art], in the formative first decade of this century were peculiar products of their times that shared common aspirations and limitations. It was important to all concerned that these entities, although ostensibly committed to marketing art, were artist-run.† So, although economics were a concern in art, they were not necessarily, as dictated previously with the majority run Vienna Society of Visual Artists, primarily about making money and transforming the Viennese art scene into a profitable industry. Economics was an incidental concern, only foisted upon the establishment by chronic necessity: â€Å"The artists evinced a tacitly accepted loathing for art-as-business (Schiele could be particularly eloquent on this point) and a determination to place aesthetic considerations above economic ones.† So, as is fairly obvious from the art that he made, Schiele was against the motive of making money from art. But this reveals an interesting contradiction that plagued expressionist and other, later artists seeking to make a living from art at the same time as challenging the social and economic processes that ultimately fund its creation: â€Å"[I]f the primary goal [of these entities] was to serve the artistic community, these organisations could not entirely ignore their secondary purpose: to sell art.† So, Schiele, like many other artists, was cut between a requirement for money (which was especially apparent now that the former staple of patronage monies had all but dried up), and a requirement to express uncompromisingly his artistic expression. Schiele would not settle for the former, and instead pursued the latter with a vigour and an intensity that, at the time, was quite extraordinary. Schiele and Self-Portraiture. Of all the artists in the 20th century, or indeed any century, Egon Schiele was probably one of the most self-conscious. But, in Schiele, the self is a very problematic subject. Schoeder suggests: â€Å"In his self-portraits, Schiele shows himself as wrathful, with a look of spiritual vacancy, or as if racked by a severe spasm of hysteria; or arrogantly looking down his nose, with head tossed back; or apprehensively or naively peering out of the picture. Which Schiele is the real Schiele?† Schiele seems to instinctively divide himself into differing components, but also, he uses art to singularly pursue his own political views of the role of artist, in many ways using self-portraiture to assert, rather than fragment his own personality. The ambiguity with which Schiele regards himself can be looked at in a number of ways. 1. The Artist-as-Martyr It could be argued that Schiele was simply posing, or playing the varying roles of artist to gratify his ego. This is interesting because Schiele was definitely working toward a specific identity as artist. In 1912, Schiele was arrested for three days for publishing obscene works where they could be displayed to children. An item of his work was subsequently burned in the courtroom. In prison, he creates a number of interesting works of art, that are especially interesting because their titles read like manifestoes. Titles such as Hindering the Artist is a Crime, It Is Murdering Life in the Bud! (1912), For Art and for My Loved Ones I Will Gladly Endure to the End! (1912), and Art Cannot Be Modern: Art Is Primordially Eternal (1912). Certainly, judging from these titles, Schiele definitely has a number of ideas regarding the artist, his specific role, and what separates a true artist from a charlatan. Schiele, in his highly polemical, hyperbolic painting titles, equates the artist with suffering and martyrdom, suggesting that he will â€Å"endure†, and immediately glorifying the artist as a giver of life and eternal well being to the masses. Schroeder goes on to say: â€Å"Behind these works lies the idealization of suffering in the Romantic cull of genius, as updated in the last years of the nineteenth century through the writing of Friedrich Nietzsche and through the posthumous response to Arthur Schopenhauer. [†¦] The turn of the century saw the apogee of the Artist-as-Martyr legend, in which the relationship between suffering and greatness draws so close that the pose of suffering may in itself constitute a claim to the higher grades of artistic initiation.† So, the implication here is that Schiele was indeed acting a specific role of artist, that he was assuming a specific â€Å"pose of suffering† that was in many ways an act of fulfilling his societal role as an artist. Certainly these roles of suffering were explicit in his work. In Self-Portrait Standing (1910), Schiele portrays himself as contorted and thin; his face is twisted into an ugly grimace, and the colours used are mottled, pale and rotten. His arms are deformed and his positioning is unnatural and forced. His eyes are hollow and there is no context to the portrait; the background is a simple cream colouring. To exaggerate his alienation yet further, Schiele highlights his body with a shock of white. This has the effect of drawing the subject even further out of his environmental world, and, along with the forced hand gestures, serves to make us see the subject as an exhibit, rather than as part of a natural world. As Schroeder points out: â€Å"On the white expanse of paper, they do not exist: they are exhibited.† In his principal work, Hermits (1912), he paints himself with Gustav Klimt, whose own break with neoclassicism and ornate style of expressionism was a major influence on Schieles early work. Klimt is seen as asleep, or else resting on the shoulders of Schiele, who stands in front of him in a large black cloak. Mitsch suggests that in Hermits, â€Å"[s]eldom has the human body been visualised so exclusively as a materialization of spiritual forces [†¦].† But the painting is called Hermits, which suggests something about the role of artist that Schiele observed, although the painting certainly displays elements of the spiritual; as Steiner suggests, â€Å"he presents the master and himself in a picture where two male figures in monklike garb and with aureoles about their heads are seen on a monumental plinth.† In Hermits, Schiele and Klimt both look glum; Schiele stares defiantly back through the painting. The vast black cloak serves to homogenize the body of Klimt and Schiele, and thus portrays the role of the artist in general as one of blackness, of a biblical darkness. But, the title is more secular: Steiner goes on to say that: â€Å"We see Hermits (as the painting is called) and not saints, and the tone is no longer mystical and remote but one of delicate equilibrium between the two men – the elder, Klimt, deathlike, and the younger, Schiele, looking grim, doubtless because the artist leads a solitary life, condemned by society to suffer.† So, Schiele, in a very modernist way, is simultaneously divorcing himself from the establishment of the religious school of Neoclassicism, but is also contemporising it. In similar ways that Freud brought scientific rigour, and secular practice into studies of the human psyche, Schiele was in turn taking religion out of mystical, allegorical artwork, and instead putting himself into it. This artistic position, as forerunner to Klimt, in a sense, emerging from the body of Klimt, but staring out defiantly and uniquely, epitomizes Schieles position. Steiner suggests that: â€Å"At the time that he painted Hermits, Schiele was already seeing himself as a kind of priest of art, more the visionary than the academician, seeing and revealing things that remain concealed from normal people.† 2. The Artist-As-Protean The ambiguity with which Schiele forges his own identity can also be seen in a different way. The variance between different forms of self-portrait merely represent different sides of the Schiele character. This would certainly fit into the Freudian notion of self – as a stigmatized, fragmentary and anarchic collection of different preconceived notions. For instance; Freuds basic notions of Id, Ego and Super-Ego serve to fragment the self – psychoanalysis in general serves to this effect, and, in a number of Schiele self-portraits, he uses the quite unusual system of the double portrait to encapsulate this fragmentation. Fischer makes the point that â€Å"[t]he familiar repertoire of Freudian psychology with its ego and super-ego, conscious and unconscious realms, might equally be applied to these dual self-portraits.† A great deal of photography of Egon Schiele (of which a great deal exists) utilizes the effect of double exposure, thus, a doubling of the self. In one untitled photograph of Egon Schiele , he is seen firstly staring into the distance, while another image of himself looks back, observing himself intently. Steiner says that: â€Å"Schiele countered the sensory fragmentation of the self by means of a multiple self which came little by little to form a visual concept which reconstituted his unity with the world in a visionary way.† Indeed, during the time when expressionism was most active, a serious redefinition was underway, on the secular, theoretical grounds of Nietzsche and Freud, and also due to the cataclysmic human and social catastrophe of the Great War. In Hermann Bahrs 1916 book, simply entitled Expressionism, he says: â€Å"Never was there a time so shaken with so much terror, such a fear of death. Never was the world so deathly silent. Never was man so small. Never had he been so alarmed. Never was joy so far away and liberty so dead.† But he rallies against this bleakness, which is encapsulated in other modernist and expressionist works; works such as Eliots Wasteland and the paintings of Munsch and the German school of expressionism: â€Å"Now necessity cries out. Man cries after his soul, and the whole age becomes a single cry of need. Art, too, cries with it, into the depths of darkness; it cries for help; it cries after the spiritual: that is expressionism.† So, by ploughing the ambiguities of the self, this reading would assume that Schiele was, in many respects, crying â€Å"after his soul†, so to speak; searching among the myriad of different identities available to him, a concrete or at least a compatible sense of self that had eluded him, along with an entire generation of artists dispossessed by the Viennese establishment. The various parts of Schieles meticulous, and almost surgical self-analysis falls into a number of distinct camps, but also seems to, in a more generalised sense, work against the pattern of self-portrait or nudity established by other artists. Up until that time, generally speaking, the nude was seen in a grandiose sense: the painted nude women, such as those in Degas, were painted as Goddesses, resplendently beautiful, radiant, often placed in scenarios that depicted frolicking jollity or natural equilibrium; and the men, who were much rarer in contemporary art, were generally seen as heroic, muscular and noble. Schiele breaks entirely with this long-established tradition. Firstly, the school of nude self-portraiture at the time only comprised of a single person; Richard Gerstl, whose painting Self-Portrait, Naked stood on its own at the time as the only painting to be done of the nude artist. Schroeder points out: â€Å"Just how uncommon is was to depict oneself naked is revealed by the fact that before 1910 only one precedent existed in the whole of Austrian art.† Thus, Schiele was already putting himself in the position of pioneer of a particularly exhibitionist genre. But, in unsheathing the artist of the attire that would previously assign to him his identity, Schiele places a whole new dynamic in the art: the dynamic of the self itself. One of Schieles most important works Seated Male Nude (1910), Schiele portrays himself covering up his own face. Indeed, in most of his self-portraits, especially his early ones, his posture is contorted and manufactured; he is posing and the background again is simply a plain, unembellished white. In Seated Male Nude, Schiele is grossly emaciated, his feet have been cut off, and his nipples and eyes glow red, suggesting that there is a deep demonism within him. He is seen as grotesquely, disturbingly ectomorphic; â€Å"the figure looks as though it has been taken down from a gothic crucifix: it is angular, and looks carved: Schiele was seeing himself as Christ without a loin-cloth. The red highlights of his eyes, nipples, navel and genitals make the body look as if it were glowing from within.† But, also, the red â€Å"glowing from within† also exposes another central tenet of Schieles work – namely, that it gives the appearance that he is hollow inside. Schiele preserved his more allegorical, symbolic works for the medium of oil; paintings such as Hermits discussed earlier, and thus, this hollowness cannot be overlooked as having greater metaphorical meaning, and would suggest the reasons behind why Schieles self-portraiture varied to such a large degree; namely, that the inner self which Schiele was desperate to uncover, was absent, or simply defined as a mad, glowing redness. â€Å"[S]pastic and hunch-backed, or with a rachitic deformation of the ribcage: this was the artist as an image of abject misery – a cripple [†¦] the dirty colouring, with its shrill accents, makes the flesh tones ugly and aberrant. In Seated Male Nude, a self-portrait, the artist mutates into an insect. The absence of feet [†¦] [is] an amputation. This is a mangled soul in a mangled body. We see through the body into the soul.† Indeed, the mangled soul is non-existent, the inside is hollow and empty. So, insomuch as this is similarly affected by social and cultural developments at the time, Schiele is moreover offering a more detailed and theoretically astute reading of the self and warring and dissolute factions. Schroeder says that: â€Å"If all of these self-dramatizations reveal the true nucleus of the painters psyche, then he must have been a fragmented personality, unlikely to escape the diagnostic attentions of the genius Sigmund Freud. The question is just how much of his psyche is conveyed by his self-portraits, either those with grimaces or those that express a frozen resignation? What and whom does Egon Schiele really see in his studio mirror? [†¦] It makes all the difference in the world whether he is observing his own body as an act of direct, emotional self-knowledge or whether in his imagination he is slipping into someone elses role and experiencing his own self as that of another person.† So, that Schiele depicts himself as a variety of different people doesnt necessarily mean that he is living up to a certain artistic function; in a sense, glamorizing the role of the artist as a suffering person. Art As Pornography Schiele has been regarded by many critics as a pornographer. Looking at his paintings, which often draw attention to the genitals, to eroticized regions of the human body, as well as the contorted and mechanistic quality to the nude portraits, which appear twisted and exploited. Schiele was eventually put in prison for his indecency, although this was due to his eccentric practice of showing his work to the friends of the children who were painted, often nude. Schroder suggests that â€Å"[i]n Schieles early pictures of children the objective embarrassment of the models lowly social origins is reinforced by the embarrassment of their obscene nakedness.† This would suggest that the portraits themselves are designed to be as exploitative and as pornographic as possible. The children portrayed are certainly seen in an especially lurid light; and their embarrassment is portrayed by their forced poses, the absence of environment, etc. However, it is often difficult, at the time and later, to extrapolate eroticism from pornography, and in Schiele, this is particularly difficult. Schiele himself denied accusations of pornography, and certainly, the nudes have greater substance and meaning in terms of formulating an Expressionist identity of the self. Mitsch suggests that Schiele â€Å"expresses [in his eroticism] human bondage and is to be understood as a burden that is painful to bear. Aimed, from the beginning, at outspokenness and truthfulness, it assumes almost inevitably a daring form.† So, here difficulty with regarding Schieles output is highlighted. The work is about expressing human bondage, but it is also exaggerated and mutilated and â€Å"outspoken†. So Schiele acts as both pornographer and eroticist, and also strikes out more clearly at exposing the truth behind the body. Schiele himself commented on accusations that his work is pornographic made by his Uncle, by replying in a letter, saying that â€Å"the erotic work of art is scared too.† The painting Reclining Girl In A Blue Dress (1910), establishes this difficulty. In it, a girl is portrayed, leaning back and revealing her genitals. Her genitals are high-lighted in white, and draw the eye to the girls genitals using both composition and colour. The brush-strokes are strikingly crude, almost sketchy. Fischer says that â€Å"[i]t is impossible to defend this picture against the charge of pornography. Even so, Schieles radicalism of form places him beyond too simplistic a categorisation.† He goes on to say: â€Å"He was not merely out to satisfy a shallow voyeuristic impulse. Pubescent lust and delight in discovery, the naà ¯ve symbolism of distinguishing sexual features, and boyish stratagems for looking up girls skirts are combined in the twenty-year-old artists way of viewing the world with the invention of ingenious new forms, which took the Schiele of 1910 a step forward, out of the world of teachers and uncles and into the radical world view of the Expressionist avant-garde. In the years ahead, Schiele pursued this distinctive combination obsessively.† So, according to Fischer, even though his work was pornographic, the forms in which this pornography took and the means by which Schiele painted these pornographic images, allowed us to question the nature of the images and thus elevate them to something beyond pornography. Schiele was certainly obsessed with portraying the self: his images, despite being, at times, shamelessly provocative and deliberately controversial to the conservative Viennese public (the pre-conceived role of an artist to challenge the perception of the ordinary people would stress this, and was a certain depiction of the artist that Schiele would live by), would also put stress on the techniques and the principles applied to the painting in order to elevate it beyond mere titillation or voyeurism. In his nudes, Schiele was definitely looking to get closer to his, and societies view of the human condition in the confusing wake of secularism, the transmogrification of belief toward the self (in Freud and Nietzsche, for instance), and the selfs role in society. Naturally his view is not a particularly optimistic one, and he is frequently out to establish the pain in the heart of the self – his cut-off, mutilated and distorted figures serve to expose the more desultory aspects of the self, and thus his images appear less as pornographic, and more as pieces that actually challenge and oppose the traditionally porno